Long distance in telecommunications, refers to the telephone calls that are made outside of a pre-designated telephone-calling area. This calling area is normally characterized by an area code outside of a "local call" area. Typically, long distance calls usually carry long distance charges which, within certain nations, vary between phone companies and are the subject of much competition.

International calls are a form of long distance calls that are made between different countries, and usually carry much higher charges. These calls are charged to the calling party unless the called party accepts a collect call.

In the United States, long distance can refer to two different classes of calls that are not local calls. The most common class of long distance is often called interstate long-distance, though the more accurate term is inter-LATA interstate long distance. This is the form of long distance most commonly meant by the term, and the one for which long-distance carriers are usually chosen by telephone customers.

Another form of long distance, increasingly relevant to more U.S. states, is known as inter-LATA intrastate long distance. This refers to a calling area outside of the customer’s LATA but within the customer's state. While technically and legally long-distance, this calling area is not necessarily served by the same carrier used for "regular" long distance, or may be provided at different rates. In some cases, customer confusion occurs as, due to rate or carrier distinctions, a local long distance call can be billed at a higher per-minute rate than interstate long distance calls, despite being a shorter distance.

Often, in large LATAs, there is also a class known by the oxymoronic name local long distance, which refers to calls within the customer's LATA but outside of their local calling area. This area is normally served by the customer's local telephone provider, which is usually one of the Baby Bells, despite attempts by some CLECs to compete in the local telephone market.

Callers are usually offered a variety of rate "plans" depending on factors such as usage, although which plan is cheapest for a given amount of usage is often not obvious.